Frontier GREAT Grant for Macon County

Jeff Lee, Little T Broadband

The GREAT grant is a broadband grant program developed by the State of North Carolina to help address the need for rural broadband expansion. The Growing Rural Economies with Access to Technology (GREAT) program was originally enacted in 2018 by the State legislature, but unfortunately the program was not sufficiently funded through State funds to make real impact across the state. In 2021 the GREAT program was funded with $350M of federal money from the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA), and the first awards from this newly funded program were announced in the fall of 2022.

Frontier Communications applied for and received a GREAT award for Macon County. The award was announced in September of 2022 and the grant agreement was signed between Frontier, Macon County, and the State in May of 2023. This $3.8M grant will provide fiber service to 2700 homes and businesses throughout the County. Frontier has 2 years to complete this build, which means they must activate service to all 2700 awarded locations by May of 2025.

Though there are many of us in Macon County that have had a less than favorable experience with them, Frontier has been communicating to us that they are working to reinvent themselves as a company. They went through bankruptcy 2020 and have emerged in 2021 as a company with new corporate management, new funding, and a new competitive corporate vision. Though only time will tell if they are successful in this endeavor, their vision seems solid and they are on a path toward this goal.

Since May of this year, Frontier has been actively engaged in planning and engineering for the build throughout the County. They currently have contractors working out in the community to assess the condition of power poles and other assets needed to complete the build. If you see Frontier contractors working in your area, that is a good sign that things are happening. We saw them out in the Tessentee area just this past week. Our understanding is that active construction will start on the project in January of 2024.

A representative from Frontier recently gave a presentation to the Macon County Board of Commissioners at the November 2023 meeting. A copy of the Frontier public presentation can be downloaded from the link below. Hopefully you will find this presentation very informative about their plans and build timeline.

Frontier achieving success with this GREAT grant program will provide benefit to not only the 2700 award locations but to many other nearby home and business locations across the County. We look forward to watching their progress.

Charter RDOF Award in Macon County 2023

 Jeff Lee, Little T Broadband

One of the first broadband grant/subsidy programs to make the news in recent years was a program called the Rural Digital Opportunity Fund (RDOF). This is a federal broadband subsidy program administered by the FCC in which areas defined by census blocks were assessed as eligible for funding if no homes in that block were receiving internet service of 25/3 or better. Internet service providers bid on these eligible blocks nation-wide through a reverse auction (lowest bidder wins). RDOF auction winners receive a federal subsidy based on the number of homes in the awarded census block which is paid out over a 10 year period. The funds for this subsidy come from the Universal Service Fund (USF) which is revenue that comes from fees leveed on telecommunication providers and FCC license holders and are not based on any of the recent federal funding legislation such as ARPA or IIJA. The RDOF auction 904 was held in 2020, and winners were announced in December of 2020. Actual awards to winning providers did not start rolling out until the second half of 2021 with many awards not issued until 2022.

In the State of North Carolina, Charter Communications won most of the RDOF awards and won all eligible census blocks in Macon County. Charter’s award was received from the FCC in March of 2022, and per the rules of the RDOF program they will have until March of 2028 (6 years) to build high-speed internet connections to all homes in their awarded census blocks. Charter began receiving subsidy payments from the USF in March of 2022 and will continue to receive subsidy payments until 2032 (10 years). Though all RDOF award recipients are required by the program to meet certain build commitments, they are measured against these commitments at the state level, so as long as they are building somewhere in the state and meeting the RDOF build commitments they remain in good standing with the program.

In Macon County, the RDOF award represents 60% of the eligible unserved locations (locations with less than 25/3 service). At the County level, we want very much for Charter to succeed and build to all committed locations. This will mean that over 8000 homes and businesses in the County will receive high-speed internet. Unfortunately the RDOF program for Macon County has a number of issues.

• Charter is not yet building in Macon County. Though Charter is actively building elsewhere, they have no infrastructure in much of WNC, with the closest presence at the start of the program in Waynesville. This means that to get service into Macon County, Charter must first build across Haywood and Jackson counties.
• Internet service to all awarded locations in all census blocks through RDOF is not a certainty. This means that though the RDOF awards exist for 60% of the County, there is no guarantee that the program will reach all of these locations. There are a variety of factors that can affect this, and unfortunately some will not come to light until very late in the 6 year build cycle (2028).
• Areas (census blocks) that were awarded to Charter through RDOF area NOT eligible for other federal and state grant funds available for broadband expansion as long as the RDOF award holder remains in good standing. This issue becomes very important as many state programs have a 2 year build requirement, whereas RDOF has a 6 year build requirement.

A representative from Charter recently made a presentation to the Macon County Board of Commissioners at the November 2023 meeting. A link to a copy of the public presentation made to the Commissioners can be found at the bottom of this article. During this presentation, the Charter representative indicated that engineering and field assessment work have begun for Macon County, and it is their current plan to begin construction in Macon by Q2 of 2024 and to complete construction by mid 2027.

We continue to be hopeful that Charter will meet their tentative time commitment and will build connections to all awarded locations.

What is Broadband and Why do I Need It?

Jeff Lee, Little T Broadband

Though many are familiar with the term, I am still asked this question periodically. If you are not really familiar with the term broadband, this article is for you.

The word broadband is a technical term used in telecommunication to describe a family of techniques used to transmit information over communication systems. A  communication system that most are familiar with today is the internet, which is a world-wide communication network that connects individuals, businesses, schools, governments, and militaries, and has become an integral part of our society.

Broadband communication techniques are used to deliver high-speed internet connections, and the industry and society have adopted the term broadband to mean high-speed internet. So, when you hear the word broadband today, it is typically intended to mean "high-speed internet”.

So what is "high-speed" internet and why do I need it?

High-speed internet is a term that is meant to describe an internet connection that provides download and upload speeds greater than or equal to a chosen minimum standard. Download refers to information coming to your home or business from the internet, such as pages of information you see when you browse or videos that you watch while streaming such as Netflix or other streaming providers. Upload refers to information that is sent from your home or business to some destination out on the internet, which can be simple requests for download information or backups of your smart phone or computer sent to the cloud. This speed is usually listed or represented as a number like 25/3, which stands for 25 megabits per second download and 3 megabits per second upload. Bits per second is used to measure how information flows through the internet, and megabit stands for 1000 bits.

The speeds which are considered high-speed have been a subject of much debate over the years. In the past this has been set as a minimum standard by the FCC, but in recent years with all of the grant money pouring into the industry to expand rural broadband, that definition has been modified by states and other federal government agencies as the FCC has not kept pace with actual internet usage in the industry. The need for high speeds continues to increase as we use the internet more during our daily life and we do things which require more information.

The current FCC minimum standard for high-speed internet is 25/3, but they are in the process of revising this to 100/20. Since 2022 the State of NC has set the minimum standard as 100/100 for all of the state grant programs. It is expected that this standard will continue to increase over time.

Typical internet speeds available depend on the type of connection to the home or business.

• Rural DSL typically delivers less than 10/1
• Fixed wireless typically delivers 20/2 or more if you can receive signal
• Cable typically delivers 100/10 in our area but higher speeds are available in some locations
• Fiber typically delivers 300/300 or faster

Fiber is considered the gold standard in the industry today and has the capability to deliver the fastest connection speeds. Most providers refer to fiber as a gigabit network which can deliver one million bits per second or more. That said, work is under way in both the fixed wireless and cable industries to improve speeds. DSL is being phased out across the country due to its limitations and the availability of better technologies.

All internet providers that have received grant or subsidy funds in Macon County since 2022 are deploying fiber and are advertising that they will deliver 1G/1G speeds (1 gigabit per second download and 1 gigabit per second upload). In future articles, I will talk about which providers are receiving grants or subsidies in our County and where they will be deploying.

November 2023 Update

Jeff Lee, Little T Broadband

Well, it has been some time since I have written any articles for the LittleT news blog.
That does not mean nothing is happing, it just speaks to my own lack of time to write.

Much has happened this year, including:

• Two GREAT grant award agreements completed for Macon County
• Start of engineering work and planning for the two GREAT grant projects
• Approval and funding of a fiber connectivity initiative in the Nantahala Lake community
• A grant opportunity to fund the installation of public hot spot equipment in the Nantahala Lake community
• Announcement from Charter Communications that they plan to begin building in Macon County by mid 2024.

Bear with me over the next few weeks as I post more articles about these topics and more.
As always, we appreciate the continued support for our efforts.

Nantahala Township Broadband Expansion RFP Release

Jeff Lee, LittleT Broadband

We are pleased to announce that Macon County in partnership with LittleT Broadband has released a Request For Proposals (RFP) to promote broadband expansion in the Nantahala Township. The Nantahala Township is a remote area in the northwest corner of Macon County surrounding Nantahala Lake. Residences and businesses in this area currently have no access to high-speed internet.

Like the South Macon areas of Otto and Scaly Mountain (Smithbridge and Flats Townships), the Nantahala Township is in need of some broadband infrastructure to allow expansion to homes and businesses in the area. Macon County is seeking proposals from qualified internet service providers to begin development of this needed infrastructure.

Read more about the Nantahala RFP here.

New FCC Broadband Availability Map

Jeff Lee, LittleT Broadband

Broadband availability maps produced by the FCC are used to determine areas that are unserved by high-speed internet services so that these areas can be helped through grants and subsidies. Such maps and the data behind them are vital to the efforts of LittleT and others working to bring high-speed broadband solutions to rural western North Carolina. Sadly, in the past such maps have earned the reputation of being inaccurate and overstating the availability of broadband across the country, especially in rural areas. This complicates our job of seeking grant funding and subsidies, as these older maps show that more homes and businesses have access to high-speed services than is actually the case.

Knowing that these older maps have been problematic, back in 2020 congress passed legislation that mandated the creation of new FCC maps and a new broadband data collection system. The work to develop the new data collection system and maps has been ongoing for the past couple of years, and this past November the FCC released the first version of the new map which can be found here:     https://broadbandmap.fcc.gov

The number one goal of the new map is to accurately show where high-speed broadband services are available and not available, and to provide this information down to the individual household or business. As this is a new map generated by data from the new broadband data collection system, this first version is really considered a draft or preliminary release. It will likely take several years before the new system and maps become truly accurate.

Why is this important?

This new map is very important because it will be used as a basis for all future broadband grant and subsidy funding decisions. The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA), enacted in 2021 allocates $42.5B towards the development of broadband infrastructure. The IIJA legislation requires use of the new FCC broadband availability maps for allocation of this funding across the country.

This means that the new map will be used to determine which areas in North Carolina will be eligible for future broadband grant funding. Those locations that are unserved by existing high-speed broadband options and will not be served in the near future by other grants will be eligible for new funding.

How does this affect me?

The new map is interactive and provides the ability for individuals to look up their address and see what broadband options are reported as available at their location (home or business). If that information is not correct, you now have the ability to submit a correction. As more individual residents and businesses provide updates, the more accurate this map will become and the more areas in need will be able to get funding for broadband.

Our friends at the Swain County Broadband Committee have created a mailer and web page to let folks know about the map and to encourage and help them make updates. Rather than reinvent the wheel, please see their post card and website link below. All of this same information is applicable for Macon County as well.

https://bit.ly/swainFCC

I encourage all of you who are able to find your address on the new FCC map. Take a look at the information about your location and broadband services available. If you see something that is incorrect, follow the directions to submit an update.

If the map reports that a broadband service is available to your location, this is because the service provider has reported to the FCC that they either already serve your location or can provide service within 10 business days. If you would like to receive high-speed broadband service from this provider, go to their website and/or call them to request service.

If the provider responds that they are unable to provide service to your location, submit a correction to the FCC map and let us know via the "Contact Us" form on the website. We are already receiving reports of this for a number of the local providers. Keep in mind that the map is preliminary and that many providers are still reporting using some of the inaccurate and overstated methods of the past. As we are informed about inaccurate claims of service, we are compiling lists and will be working the Macon County Broadband Committee to challenge such claims with the FCC. The big change provided by the new map program is the ability for us all to report inaccurate claims of service and hold providers accountable.

Thanks in advance for your help.